Headstock: The headstock is the powered end and is always at the operator's left. This contains the speed changing gears and the revolving, driving spindle, to which any one of several types of work holders is attached. The center of the spindle is hollow so that long bars may be put through it for machining.

What is lathe turning process?

Turning is the machining operation that produces round parts. In its basic form, it can be defined as the machining of an external surface:

With the workpiece rotating,

With a single-point cutting tool, and

There are three factors in any basic turning operation; they are turning speed, depth of cutting and feed rate. Of course, other factors such as kind of material and type of tools have important influence, but these three factors are the ones that operator can change by operating the machine.

    Surface forming motions is the act to get requested shape of workpiece. Take "figure 1" below for instance, lathe tool is turning external cylndrical surface. Rotating of workpiece B1 generate generatrix(round); longitudinal straight move generate lead(line). move B1 and A2 are two motions of surface forming.